Chapter 17 The Sixties

Election of 1960 – New Generation of leaders

- Kennedy defeats Nixon 49.7% to 49.5%

- Kennedy had charisma - people liked him and his family

- Was not able to accomplish much, but he had a lot of ideas and proposals for a better America & World

- Alliance for Progress – help Latin America

- Peace Corps – volunteers work in third world countries

Bay of Pigs

- CIA invaded Cuba with Anti-Castro Cubans (2000)

- Were trapped and surrounded in Southern Cuba

- Kennedy wouldn’t allow Air Force to assist rebels

- Most were killed by Castro

Speech in Berlin – August 1962

- After East Germany built the Berlin Wall – Kennedy went to Berlin – (West German city within East Germany)

- Gave Ich bin ein Berliner Speech – to show unity of Western Nations against Soviet Union

Cuban Missile Crisis – October 1962

- U. S. discovered Soviets putting nuclear weapons in Cuba

- Kennedy told Kruschev (Soviet leader) to remove missiles

- Put a blockade around Cuba

- Soviets ships were bringing more weapons to Cuba

- At last moment Kruschev turned ships around if U.S. pledged not to invade Cuba

- Kennedy agreed and his popularity surged

- Kruschev was removed from office 2 months later

November 22, 1963 – Kennedy is assassinated

- By Lee Harvey Oswald ???

- Ten days later Jack Ruby kills Oswald

- Investigation of assassination

- Warren Commission determines Oswald acted alone

- Many disagreed with this conclusion

President Lyndon B. Johnson

- Continued Kennedy’s ideas and programs and added his own

- Was very successful in passing new laws

- Worked in Senate for many years

- Passed some as a tribute to Kennedy

- Called his program “The Great Society” later “War on Poverty”

Section 4

Protest Movement

Civil Rights protests led to other protest movements

New Left – liberal reform movement founded mostly by college students

Tom Hayden – University of Michigan student

- Protested lack of freedom for students

- Worked with Freedom Riders in South – was beaten

- Formed Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)

Berkeley rebellion – students occupied University of California at Berkeley building demanded right to free speech and association of campus

- Was successful

Counterculture

- Contempt for traditional standards

- Long hair, loud colors, used drugs, dirty clothing, unconventional speech, listened to Rock music, sexually permissive

- Hippies – followers of counterculture – wanted to live with those who shared their beliefs

- Haight-Ashbury – hippie neighborhood in San Francisco